Wysłany: Sob 11 Lut, 2006 4:59 pm Inwersja wzmacniająca
Inwersja wzmacniająca
Emfazę wzmacniającą ("emphatic structures") stosujemy, gdy chcemy nadać zdaniu większy nacisk, wzmocnić jego znaczenie. Głownie robi się to poprzez wystawienie na początek tego, co najważniejsze.
W tym "artykule" opiszę inwersję wzmacniającą. Polega ona na wyciągnięciu tego, co ważne na początek oraz na użyciu inwersji, podobnej jak przy pytaniach.
Najlepiej zobaczyć na przykładach, jak to wygląda.
We knew little that he would arrive. (Nie wiedzieliśmy, że on przyjedzie)
Little did we know that he would arrive.
She was involved in such a desperate situation that she has failed to get on with her relatives well.
In such a desperate situation was she involved that she has failed to get on with her relatives well.
You shouldn't press that button under any circumstances! (nie naciskaj przycisku pod żadnym pozorem!)
Under no circumstances should you press that button!
A więc w inwersji wzmacniającej po słowie (frazie), które(ą) wyciągamy na początek, stosujemy inwersję, tak jakbyśmy stosowali pytanie. Czyli zdanie normalne w np. past simple, po zamianie na zdanie z inwersją wzmacniającą, będzie miało "did". Trochę to dziwnie brzmi, jednak czytając dalsze przykłady, jestem pewien, że wszystko stanie się jasne.
Zwróćmy uwagę na trzeci przykład. Czemu "any" zmieniło się na "no"? Już śpieszę z odpowiedzią. Gdybyśmy powiedzieli "Under any cricumstances should you press that button" oznaczało by to "Przy każdych okolicznościach naciskaj przycisk!". Ponieważ mamy przeczenie "don't press", po dodaniu w inwersji "no" dalsze zdanie jest twierdzące.
She won't do it by any means. (Ona tego nie zrobi w żaden sposób)
By no means will she do it.
Kolejne przykłady inwersji:
She will pass the test brilliantly.
Brilliantly will she pass the test.
He knew everything about the robbery.
Everything about the robbery did he know.
She had been extremely nervous before the exam started.
Extremely nervous had she been before the exam started.
She has never been to Boston.
Never has she been to Boston.
She didn't come until the midnight.
Not until the midnight did she come.
A co ze zdaniami warunkowymi? Je również można poddać emfazie. Wtedy kasujemy spójnik "if". Popatrzmy na przykłady.
If I were you, I would report this to police.
Were I you, I would report this to police.
If I had known the topics, I wouldn't have failed the exam.
Had I known the topics, I wouldn't have failed the exam.
If you should change your mind, let us know.
Should you change your mind, let me know.
Tutaj podaję kilka zdań do zrobienia. Należy uzupełnić przekształcone zdanie na zdanie z inwersją wzmacniającą.
1) They seldom come to our home.
Seldom...........................
2) They tried to convince him to change his mind in vain.
In vain..................................
3) They disagreed to such an extent that they started to fight with each other.
To........................................
4) They are allowed to drink and smoke by no means!
By...........................................
5) Philip won't pass his entrance exams under any circumstances.
These kind of structures are also known as cleft sentences.
Revan [Usunięty]
Wysłany: Sob 11 Lut, 2006 7:52 pm
Nope, Barteks. Cleft sentences differ in a variety of ways.
A typical cleft sentences are, for instance:
(David studied English at Oxford)It was English that David studied at Oxford
(John took the money)It was John who took the money.
(John took the money)It was the money that John took.
(The women in the foreground is what struck me most about that picture) What struck me most about that picture is the women in the foreground.
So, as we can easily see, there's no verb inversion here, although we put the most important thing to the beginning of the sentence.
Emphatic structures are not only inversion, but also cleft sentences. However, they are distinguished as a separate methods and despite similiarities, calling the one with the name of the other would not me appropriate. I hope you'll understand what I mean. (in CAE Objective there are separate excersises for those two means of emphasis)
Cześć, piszę do Revana w związku z inwersją wzmacniającą. Ponieważ jestes autorem tej wiadomości to napewno bedziesz mi w stanie pomóc o co Cię bardzo proszę. Ponieważ mój mizerny podręcznik nie posiada jakiegokolwiek rozdziału na ten temat, a moja gramatyka zawsze staje w miejscu gdzie mam do czynienia z inwersją chciałbym abyś zerknął, ewentualnie poprawił co trzeba w zdaniach do zrobienia jakie napisałeś na końcu posta. Oto one all by my self
1) They seldom come to our home.
Seldom do they come to our home.
2) They tried to convince him to change his mind in vain.
In vain did they try to convince him to change his mind.
3) They disagreed to such an extent that they started to fight with each other.
To such an extent didn't they agree that they started to fight with each other.
4) They are allowed to drink and smoke by no means!
By no means are they allowed to drink and smoke.
5) Philip won't pass his entrance exams under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances will Philip pass his entrance exams.
6) She hardly ever makes up her bed.
Hardly ever does she make up her bed.
7) Annette was such a beautiful girl that he fell in love with her.
Such a beautiful girl was Annette that he fell in love with her.
8) If you should finish the project earlier, give me a call.
Should you finish the project eariler, give me a call.
9) I had drawn such a conclusion that Peter started to laugh.
Such a conclusion had i drawn that Peter started to laugh.
10) If you had done better in the test, you wouldn't have to write it again now.
Had you done better in the test, you wouldn't have to write it again now.
Mam nadzieję, że pomożesz za co byłbym bardzo wdzięczny. Tak jeszcze zupełnie dodatkowo chciałbym zapytać czy takich inwersji można dokonywać na każdym zdaniu np. 0,1 warunku?
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